Impeller

An impeller is a rotating component equipped with blades or vanes, designed to transfer energy to a fluid (liquid or gas). It increases the pressure and velocity of the fluid and is commonly installed on the rotating shaft of pumps, compressors, fans, or turbines.

Main Functions

1. Fluid transportation: Transfers energy to the fluid to drive its flow.

2. Pressure/velocity increase: Raises the pressure or velocity of the fluid.

3. Energy conversion: Converts mechanical energy (rotational kinetic energy) into fluid kinetic energy or pressure energy.

Common Types

• Closed impeller: Enclosed with cover plates on both sides; high efficiency, suitable for clean fluids.

• Open impeller: No cover plates; simple structure, suitable for fluids containing solids or prone to clogging.

• Semi-open impeller: One side with a cover plate; balances efficiency and wear resistance.

• Axial-flow impeller: Directs fluid along the axis; common in propellers and axial flow pumps.

• Radial-flow impeller: Directs fluid outward radially; common in centrifugal pumps.

• Mixed-flow impeller: Directs fluid in a path between axial and radial; combines features of both.